数学院除了下属的四个研究所以外，还有五个中心，分别为中科院数学科学科教融合卓越创新中心、中科院国家数学与交叉科学中心、华罗庚数学科学中心、中科院晨兴数学中心和中科院预测科学研究中心。此外，还有中科院科学与工程计算国家重点实验室、中科院管理决策与信息系统重点实验室、中科院系统控制重点实验室、中科院数学机械化重点实验室，中科院华罗庚数学重点实验室、中科院随机复杂结构与数据科学重点实验室等。2000年以来根据学科发展和实际需求又先后成立了13个交叉研究中心，分别是生物信息学研究中心、动力系统研究中心、图论组合网络研究中心、信息安全研究中心、复杂系统研究中心、偏微分方程及其应用中心、统计科学研究中心、优化与应用研究中心、质量与数据科学研究中心、数论与几何研究中心、随机分析研究中心、量子计算与量子信息处理研究中心和调和分析及其应用研究中心。 

六十余年来，研究院荟萃了中国一大批著名数学家和系统科学家。四个研究所的科研人员在理论研究和实际应用方面，为中国数学和系统科学的发展以及国民经济和国防建设做出了重要的贡献，数学院历年来获得科技重要奖励500余项，包括首届国家最高科学技术奖，5项国家自然科学奖一等奖，1项国家科技进步特等奖，1项有“东方诺贝尔奖”之称的邵逸夫数学奖，30项国家自然科学奖二等奖，以及50余项国际学术奖励和荣誉。不少重要的应用成果受到中央领导和实际部门的充分肯定，显示了数学和系统科学理论在国民经济主战场的作用。另外，研究院还先后获得“中央国家机关文明单位”、“中央国家机关创建文明机关争做人民满意公务员先进集体”、“全国文明单位“等荣誉称号。

研究院科研队伍实力雄厚，截至2021年底，数学院共有在职职工477人, 其中科研人员 241人、管理支撑人员81人、特别研究助理105人、劳务派遣50人；科研人员中包括中科院院士16人、工程院院士1人、发展中国家科学院院士8人。此外，还有客座教授40余人，访问学者每年约450人，研究生约800人。离退休职工约300人。数学院历来重视人才培养，研究院下属的四个研究所是我国最早被批准具有硕士、博士学位授予权的单位之一，是首批国家批准的博士后流动站之一。目前，共有17个硕士点、15个博士点（二级学科），至今培养研究生近4000人，博士后650余名。研究院贯彻"开放、流动、联合，面向全国、面向世界"的方针，每年接待300余位国内外访问学者,与国内外学术机构有广泛的交流合作关系。研究院拥有全国馆藏最为丰富的数学专业图书馆，订有大量国外期刊，藏书逾25万册。研究院有先进的计算机及网络系统，包括千万亿次集群(联想深腾8810)和大数据计算服务器，带有多种大型数学软件包。

挂靠在研究院的全国一级学会有中国数学会、中国运筹学会、中国系统工程学会。研究院主办18种国内著名学术刊物：数学学报(中、英文版)、应用数学学报(中、英文版)、系统科学与数学(中文版)、系统科学与复杂性(英文版)、计算数学(中、英文版)等。

In addition to the four research institutes under the School of Mathematics, there are also five centers, namely the Center for Excellence in the Integration of Science and Education in Mathematical Sciences of CAS, the National Center for Mathematics and Interdisciplinary Sciences of CAS, the Hua Luogeng Center for Mathematical Sciences of CAS, the Morningside Center for Mathematics of CAS and the Center for Predictive Sciences of CAS. In addition, there are national key laboratory of science and engineering calculation of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, management and information system of the Chinese Academy of Sciences key laboratory, systems and control, key laboratory of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences laboratory of mathematics mechanization, hua luogeng mathematics key laboratory of Chinese Academy of Sciences, random complex structure and data of the Chinese Academy of Sciences key laboratory, etc. Since 2000, 13 cross-research centers have been established according to the development of disciplines and actual needs. Respectively is bioinformatics research center, power system research center, combination of graph theory, network research center, information security research center, complex systems research center, a partial differential equation and its application, statistical scientific research center, optimization and application research center, data quality and scientific research center, arithmetic and geometric research center, stochastic analysis research center, quantum computation and quantum Center for Information Processing Research and Center for Harmonic Analysis and Its Applications.

For more than 60 years, the Institute has brought together a large number of famous mathematicians and systems scientists in China. Four of the institute of scientific research personnel in the aspect of theoretical research and practical application, for the development of Chinese mathematics and systems science, and made important contribution for national economy and national defense construction, the number of college get important science and technology awards over the years more than 500 items, including the first national highest science and technology awards, five national natural science award, 1 item of national science and technology progress prize, One Shaw Prize in Mathematics, known as the "Oriental Nobel Prize", 30 second prizes of National Natural Science Awards, and more than 50 international academic awards and honors. Many important application achievements have been fully affirmed by the central leadership and practical departments, which shows the role of mathematics and system science theory in the main battlefield of national economy. In addition, the Institute has been awarded honorary titles such as "Civilized Unit of Central State Organs", "Central State Organs Build Civilized Organs and Strive to be an Advanced Collective of Civil Servants Satisfied by the People", and "National Civilized Unit".

By the end of 2021, the School of Mathematics has a total of 477 employees, including 241 researchers, 81 management support personnel, 105 special research assistants and 50 labor dispatch personnel. There are 16 academicians of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1 academician of the Chinese Academy of Engineering, and 8 academicians of the Academy of Sciences of developing countries. In addition, there are more than 40 visiting professors, about 450 visiting scholars each year, and about 800 graduate students. There are about 300 retired workers. The School of Mathematics has always attached importance to talent training, and the four research institutes affiliated to the research Institute are one of the first units approved to confer the right of master and doctor degree in our country, and are one of the first postdoctoral mobile stations approved by the country. At present, there are 17 master's programs and 15 doctoral programs (second-level disciplines). Up to now, the university has cultivated nearly 4000 postgraduates and more than 650 postdocs. The Institute implements the principle of "openness, mobility, alliance, facing the whole country and the world". It receives more than 300 visiting scholars from home and abroad every year and has extensive exchanges and cooperation with academic institutions at home and abroad. The Institute has the largest collection of mathematics library in China, subscribing to a large number of foreign periodicals, with a collection of more than 250,000 volumes. The Institute has advanced computer and network systems, including a petawatt cluster (Lenovo Shenteng 8810) and a big data computing server, with a variety of large mathematical software packages.

The national first-level societies affiliated to the Institute include the Mathematical Society of China, the Operations Research Society of China and the System Engineering Society of China. The Institute sponsors 18 prestigious academic journals in China, including the Journal of Mathematics (Chinese and English), the Journal of Applied Mathematics (Chinese and English), Systems Science and Mathematics (Chinese), Systems Science and Complexity (Chinese and English), and Computational Mathematics (Chinese and English).