中国科学院测量与地球物理研究所（简称测地所）成立于1957年，是我国大地测量领域最早的科学研究机构，也是中国科学院唯一从事大地测量学研究的公益性研究所，1970年归属国家地震局，1978年在邓小平同志亲自关怀下，由中国科学院恢复重建。
研究所主要从事大地测量学、地球物理学、地球动力学、环境科学及其交叉领域重要科学问题和关键技术问题研究，包括地球局部和整体运动、地球内部结构及圈层相互作用、地球系统的质量分布和迁移、大地测量在空间利用和国家大型工程建设中的应用、长江中游地区环境与灾害监测评估及湿地演化与修复等。研究所设有大地测量与地球动力学国家重点实验室、湖北省环境与灾害监测评估重点实验室、武汉大地测量国家野外科学观测研究站、大地测量与地球物理观测技术实验室、计算与勘探地球物理研究中心、国家卫星定位系统工程技术研究中心导航部和江汉平原小港湿地生态站等研究室（站）。
研究所是国务院首批博士和硕士学位授予单位之一，设有“测绘科学与技术”博士后流动站，“测绘科学与技术”一级学科专业博士学位培养点，“固体地球物理学”和“自然地理学”两个二级学科专业博、硕士学位培养点，“测绘工程”全日制专业学位硕士培养点。研究所具有国家甲级测绘资质和通过ISO9001：2008质量管理体系认证，为湖北省地球物理学会、湖北省天文学会、湖北省自然资源研究会挂靠单位，并与欧、美和亚洲国家及地区的二十多个研究所或大学建立了密切的合作关系。
研究所正以新的姿态立足地学前沿，推动学科发展，在满足国家国防安全和经济社会可持续发展的战略需求方面做出应有贡献。（有关数据资料截至2018年4月）
The institute is mainly engaged in the research of important scientific and technical issues in geodesy, geophysics, geodynamics, environmental science and their interfields. Including the local and global earth movement, the earth's internal structure and sphere interaction, the mass distribution and migration of the earth system, the application of geodesy in space utilization and national large-scale project construction, environmental and disaster monitoring and assessment in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River, and wetland evolution and restoration, etc. Institute of state key laboratory of geodesy and geodynamics, key laboratory of environment and disaster monitoring and evaluation, wuhan, hubei province geodetic country field scientific observation station, geodetic and geophysical observation technology lab, computing and geophysical exploration research center, national satellite navigation positioning system engineering technology research center and developed region of jianghan plain wetland ecology Station etc research office (station).
Institute is one of the first doctor and master degree-conferring unit of the State Council, is equipped with the "surveying and mapping science and technology" post-doctoral mobile stations, "surveying and mapping science and technology" first-level discipline professional doctorate cultivation points, "solid earth physics" and "physical geography" two secondary subject bo, master's degree in training, "surveying and mapping engineering" full-time professional master's degree. The institute has the national Grade A surveying and mapping qualification and passed the ISO9001:2008 quality management system certification. It is an affiliated unit of Hubei Geophysical Society, Hubei Astronomical Society and Hubei Natural Resources Research Association, and has established close cooperative relations with more than 20 institutes or universities in Europe, America and Asia.
With a new attitude, the institute is based on the frontiers of geosciences, promoting the development of disciplines, and making due contributions to meet the strategic needs of national defense security and sustainable economic and social development. (Relevant data as of April 2018)