中国科学院高能物理研究所是我国从事高能物理研究、先进加速器物理与技术研究及开发利用、先进射线技术与应用的综合性研究基地。其前身是创建于1950年的中国科学院近代物理研究所，后改称物理研究所、原子能研究所。1973年2月，根据周恩来总理的指示，在原子能研究所一部的基础上组建高能所。
建所以来，高能所开创并推动了中国的粒子物理实验、粒子天体物理实验、粒子加速器物理与技术、同步辐射技术及应用等学科领域的研究和发展，培养了一批优秀科学家，取得了一批高水平研究成果，研发了许多高技术产品，为中国科技事业发展作出了重要贡献。
高能所的战略定位是：国际领先的高能物理中心之一，具有世界先进水平的大型、综合性、多学科研究基地。
高能所建有北京正负电子对撞机国家实验室、核探测与核电子学国家重点实验室（与中国科技大学共建），中科院粒子物理前沿卓越创新中心，3个中国科学院重点实验室：粒子天体物理重点实验室、纳米生物效应与安全重点实验室（与国家纳米中心共建）、粒子加速物理与技术重点实验室，1个北京市重点实验室：北京市射线成像技术与装备工程中心。高能所下设实验物理中心、粒子天体物理中心、理论物理室、计算中心、加速器中心、多学科研究中心、核技术应用研究中心等7个研究单位，并在广东东莞设有分部。高能所玉泉路园区占地460多亩。
高能所是中国物理学会高能物理分会、粒子加速器分会，同步辐射专业委员会，核电子学与核探测技术学会，中国毒理学会纳米毒理学专业委员会，中国物理学会中子散射专业委员会的挂靠单位。主办的刊物有Chinese Physics C、《现代物理知识》、Radiation Detection Technology and Methods。高能所图书馆馆舍面积2300平方米,纸版藏书14.5万余册,中外文纸质期刊1827余种（馆藏总种数及现刊种数95）,各类数据库100余个,数字资源总计15亿余条。 

Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences is a comprehensive research base engaged in high energy physics research, advanced accelerator physics and technology research, development and utilization, advanced ray technology and application. Its predecessor was the Institute of Modern Physics of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, which was founded in 1950 and later renamed the Institute of Physics and the Institute of Atomic Energy. In February 1973, according to the instruction of Premier Zhou Enlai, the high Energy Institute was established on the basis of the First part of the Atomic Energy Research Institute.
Since the foundation, ihep pioneer and promote the Chinese particle physics experiments, particle astrophysics experiments, particle accelerator physics and technology, the synchrotron radiation technology and application fields such as research and development, cultivate a batch of outstanding scientists, a group of high level research achievements, developed many high technology products, has made important contributions to the development of China science and technology.
The strategic positioning of the Institute is: one of the world's leading high-energy physics centers, with the world's advanced level of large-scale, comprehensive, multidisciplinary research base.
The institute has established the Beijing Electron-Positron Collider National Laboratory, the State Key Laboratory of Nuclear Detection and Nuclear Electronics (jointly built with the University of Science and Technology of China), the Frontier Innovation Center of Particle Physics of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, and three key laboratories of the Chinese Academy of Sciences: Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics, Key Laboratory of Nanobiotic Effect and Safety (co-built with National Nanometer Center), Key Laboratory of Particle Acceleration Physics and Technology, 1 Beijing Key Laboratory: Beijing X-ray Imaging Technology and Equipment Engineering Center. The Institute consists of 7 research units, including Experimental Physics Center, Particle Astrophysics Center, Theoretical Physics Department, Computing Center, Accelerator Center, Multidisciplinary Research Center, and Nuclear Technology Application Research Center, with a branch in Dongguan, Guangdong Province. Yuquan Road Park covers an area of more than 460 mu.
The Institute is affiliated to the High Energy Physics Branch, Particle Accelerator Branch, Synchrotron Radiation Committee, Nuclear Electronics and Nuclear Detection Technology Society, Nano Toxicology Committee of Chinese Toxicological Society, and Neutron Scattering Committee of Chinese Physical Society. The publications included Chinese Physics C, Knowledge of Modern Physics, Radiation Detection Technology and Methods. The library covers an area of 2,300 square meters, with a printed collection of more than 145,000 volumes, 1,827 kinds of Chinese and foreign periodicals (95 kinds of total collections and current issues), more than 100 kinds of databases, and more than 1.5 billion digital resources in total.