中国农业科学院生物技术研究所成立于1986年，其前身是生物技术研究中心，1999年更名为生物技术研究所，是从事农业生物技术领域基础研究、应用基础研究和高新技术研究的中央级公益性科研事业单位，是农业生物技术领域国家级学术机构，是“三农”领域国家战略科技力量的组成部分，开展公益性、基础性、战略性、前瞻性的科技创新活动与成果转化应用。
研究所坚持以习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想为指导，面向世界农业科技前沿、面向国家重大需求、面向现代农业建设主战场、面向人民生命健康，聚焦作物科学、农业资源与环境科学、植物保护科学三大学科集群，坚持植物与微生物的学科交叉与融合，在作物功能基因组、作物分子生物学、农业微生物学和农业生物安全等四个优势领域确立重点研究方向，系统开展农业生物科技的基础理论与前沿技术研究，培养出一批农业生物技术领域科技人才，取得了一系列重要创新成果。
研究所拥有12000平方米实验区和12000平方米试验温室，农业农村部农业基因组学重点实验室（北京）、农业农村部农业转基因生物安全评价（分子）重点实验室和农业农村部植物及植物用微生物生态环境安全监督检验测试中心（北京）依托本所建设，在海南、河北、辽宁和新疆等地建立了田间试验基地，为功能基因大规模转化、作物分子育种、新品种培育及转基因生物安全性评价等工作提供了重要的硬件支撑。现有在职职工139人，其中，中国工程院院士1人，国家或省部级人才项目17人；研究员54人、副研究员45人；博士生导师37人，硕士生导师35人。45岁以下的中青年科技人才占62%。已经形成了一支老中青相结合，以年轻人为主，思维活跃，具有顽强拼搏精神和勇于创新的科研团队，成为我国农业生物技术领域的一支重要骨干力量。
“十三五”期间，研究所共承担国家自然科学基金、转基因生物新品种培育重大专项等国家科技计划180余项，获省部级以上奖励6项，获授权发明专利146项，其中获国际专利4项，审定作物新品种13个，获农业转基因生物生产应用安全证书21项。在国内外重要学术刊物上发表论文600余篇，出版专著14部，制定国家标准和标准物质32项，登记软件著作权18个。
近年来，通过深化科研体制改革，研究所积极调整学科方向，明确发展定位，注重提升整体学术水平和科技创新能力，以“四个面向”“两个一流”为目标，全力推进现代研究所建设，着力把生物技术研究所建成国内一流、国际知名的农业生物技术研究所，成为国家农业生物技术创新中心、科技产业孵化中心、人才培养高地和国际合作交流中心。

Biotechnology research institute, Chinese academy of agricultural sciences, founded in 1986, its predecessor is a biotechnology research center, in 1999 changed its name to biotechnology research institute, is engaged in the field of agricultural biotechnology basic research and applied basic research and high-tech research of central public welfare scientific research institution, is an agricultural biotechnology national academic institutions, It is part of the national strategic scientific and technological force in agriculture, rural areas and farmers, carrying out public welfare, basic, strategic and forward-looking scientific and technological innovation activities and the application of achievements.
 It has established key research directions in four advantageous fields of crop functional genomics, crop molecular biology, agricultural microbiology and agricultural biosafety, systematically carried out research on basic theories and cutting-edge technologies of agricultural biotechnology, cultivated a number of scientific and technological talents in the field of agricultural biotechnology, and achieved a series of important innovative achievements.
Institute has 12000 square meters area of 12000 square meters and test greenhouse, key laboratory of agricultural NongCunBu genomics (Beijing), agricultural NongCunBu (molecular) key laboratory of agricultural genetically modified organisms safety evaluation and agricultural NongCunBu plants and plants with microbial ecological environment safety supervision, inspection and test center (Beijing) depends on this construction, Field trial bases have been established in Hainan, Hebei, Liaoning and Xinjiang provinces, providing important hardware support for large-scale transformation of functional genes, crop molecular breeding, new variety breeding and safety evaluation of GENETICALLY modified organisms. Currently, there are 139 employees, including 1 academician of Chinese Academy of Engineering, 17 national or provincial talent projects. 54 research fellows and 45 associate research fellows; There are 37 doctoral supervisors and 35 master supervisors. The proportion of young and middle-aged scientific and technological talents under the age of 45 is 62%. It has formed a scientific research team with active thinking, tenacious fighting spirit and innovation, which combines old, middle and young people and is dominated by young people. It has become an important backbone force in the field of agricultural biotechnology in China.
During the period of "much starker choices-and graver consequences-in", the institute undertakes the national natural science foundation of China, the special plan for national science and technology such as genetically modified organisms breeding new varieties of more than 180 items, won awards above provincial level 6, 146 authorized invention patents, 4 with international patents, 13 authorized new crop varieties, production application from agricultural genetically modified organisms safety certificate 21 items. He has published more than 600 papers in important academic journals at home and abroad, 14 monographs, formulated 32 national standards and standard substances, and registered 18 software Copyrights.
In recent years, by deepening the reform of scientific research system, the institute actively adjust disciplines direction, clear development orientation, to improve the overall academic level and scientific and technological innovation ability, with "four dimensions" "two first-class" as the goal, efforts to pushing forward the construction of the institute of modern biological technology research institute to carry on the domestic first-class, internationally renowned agricultural biotechnology research institute, To become the national agricultural biotechnology innovation center, science and technology industry incubation center, talent training highland and international cooperation and exchange center.