俄罗斯科学院是叶卡捷琳娜一世根据彼得一世的命令于1724年1月28日执政参议院的法令建立的。1991年11月21日的俄罗斯联邦总统命令重建为俄罗斯最高的科学机构。学院是俄罗斯医学科学院和俄罗斯农业科学院的合法继承者，是一个在俄罗斯联邦进行科学研究科学管理并进行科学研究的科学组织，法律实体是以联邦国家预算机构形式建立的非营利组织。

俄罗斯科学院是俄罗斯联邦的最高学术机构，是主导全国自然科学和社会科学基础研究的中心，是世界闻名的大型公共且非营利的科学组织和世界上重要研究机构之一，拥有体系完整的科学机构、一支实力雄厚的科学队伍，并在很多学科领域取得了世界水平的辉煌成就。

学院的目标是进行和发展基础科学研究和探索性科学研究，获得有关自然、社会、人类发展规律的新知识，并为俄国的技术、经济、社会和精神发展作出贡献；预测俄罗斯联邦科学技术和社会经济发展的主要方向，对高等教育的科学组织和教育机构的科学和科学技术活动的科学和方法管理；为国家机关和组织的活动提供专家科学支持，促进俄罗斯联邦的科学发展；传播科学知识，提高科学的威望，普及科学技术的成果。

     The Russian Academy of Sciences was established by Ekaterina I by decree of Peter I by decree of the ruling Senate on 28 January 1724. On November 21, 1991, the President of the Russian Federation ordered the reconstruction of the highest scientific institution in Russia.The Academy is the legal successor of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences and the Russian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, a scientific organization that carries out scientific management and scientific research in the Russian Federation, and the legal entity is a non-profit organization established in the form of a federal state budget agency.

      The Russian Academy of Sciences is the highest academic institution in the Russian Federation, the center of basic research in the leading natural and social sciences of the country, one of the world-renowned large-scale public and non-profit scientific organizations and one of the world's important research institutions, with a complete system of scientific institutions, a strong scientific team, and has achieved brilliant achievements at the world level in many disciplines.

        The objective of the Faculty is to carry out and develop basic and exploratory scientific research, to acquire new knowledge about the laws of natural, social and human development and to contribute to the technological, economic, social and spiritual development of Russia; Forecasting the main directions of scientific and technological and socio-economic development of the Russian Federation, scientific and methodological management of scientific and technological activities of scientific organizations and educational institutions of higher education; Provide expert scientific support for the activities of State bodies and organizations and promote scientific development in the Russian Federation; Disseminate scientific knowledge, enhance the prestige of science, and popularize the achievements of science and technology.