创新背景

草莓是加利福尼亚州的一种重要作物，该州每年种植约18亿磅有营养的水果，约占美国总产量的88%。枯萎病在该州的上下开始越来越频繁，一旦枯萎病蔓延，植物就会崩溃，甚至会彻底死亡。

创新过程

加州大学戴维斯分校的科学家在农业和环境科学学院的苗圃中筛选了数千株草莓植物，并采集了DNA样本。然后，他们利用基因筛选和开发的DNA诊断技术来鉴定抗枯萎病原代小种的基因。

这些基因在草莓种质中已经存在了数千年，但没有人对它们进行鉴定。克纳普说，这一最新发展将草莓带到21世纪，解决这个问题。

这项工作意味着育种人员可以将抗病基因引入未来的草莓品种。该计划预计将推出具有抗枯萎病基因的新品种。DNA诊断工具将帮助育种人员应对新的枯萎病变种。如果植物没有镰刀菌抗性，将会有非常不好的结果，这种疾病可能比想象的更普遍。
镰刀菌枯萎病在传统上并不是一个问题，但当熏蒸剂甲基溴在2005年被淘汰时，情况发生了变化。这种疾病发生在土壤中，如果没有熏蒸剂，枯萎病的发病率会增加，特别是在作物不轮作的地区。

克纳普和科尔已经向业界通报了目前具有抗药性的草莓品种，以便他们能够选择具有额外保护的植物。今年晚些时候推出的新抗病品种将适合几个生长季节。

自20世纪30年代以来，植物科学家一直在加州大学戴维斯分校培育草莓，他们通过公共育种计划发布了60多个专利品种。

创新价值

研究人员发现了使草莓对枯萎镰刀菌具有抗药性的基因，草莓枯萎病造成的损失可能会减少对农业的威胁。

创新关键点

研究人员在农业和环境科学学院的苗圃中筛选了数千株草莓植物，并采集了DNA样本。然后，他们利用基因筛选和开发的DNA诊断技术来鉴定抗枯萎病原代小种的基因。

Improved varieties with resistance to Fusarium oxysporum

Scientists at the University of California, Davis, screened thousands of strawberry plants in the nursery of the school of agricultural and Environmental Sciences and collected DNA samples. Then, they used gene screening and the developed DNA diagnostic technology to identify the genes that are resistant to the Fusarium wilt pathogen race.
These genes have existed in Strawberry Germplasm for thousands of years, but no one has identified them. Knapp said that this latest development will bring strawberries into the 21st century and solve this problem.
This work means that breeders can introduce disease resistance genes into future strawberry varieties. The plan is expected to introduce new varieties with resistance genes to Fusarium wilt. DNA diagnostic tools will help breeders cope with new Fusarium wilt variants. If plants do not have Fusarium resistance, there will be very bad results, and this disease may be more common than expected.
Fusarium wilt was not traditionally a problem, but the situation changed when the fumigant methyl bromide was phased out in 2005. This disease occurs in the soil. If there is no fumigant, the incidence rate of Fusarium wilt will increase, especially in areas where crops do not rotate.
Knapp and Kohl have informed the industry about the current drug-resistant strawberry varieties so that they can choose plants with additional protection. The new disease resistant varieties introduced later this year will be suitable for several growing seasons.
Since the 1930s, plant scientists have been cultivating strawberries at the University of California, Davis. They have released more than 60 patented varieties through the public breeding program.