创新背景

农业工作受到环境的影响和限制极大，全球变暖的环境导致的极端高温高度影响农业工作，需要合适的方法保护劳动者的人身安全损失并降低经济风险。气候变化影响全人类的生活，所有劳动者都会直接或间接地受到极端高温的影响。

 

创新过程

极端高温带来的最明显和常见的工作风险就是中暑。地表温度和空气适度结合会产生致命的温度，超过人体承受的温度，身体机能就无法自我调节降低体温，极易引起致死的热射病。极端高温带来的干旱直接导致作物歉收，增加农民的生存压力和经济风险。Michelle Tigchelaar和斯坦福大学的Michele Barry和Sam Heft-Neal讨论研究了极端高温对工作场所风险、缘化社区和经济的影响。

随着气温升高，受到热量和温度影响的工作场所和工作类型不断扩大。农场劳动者长期在户外环境做体力劳动，直面阳光、温度和湿度，甚少有阴影遮蔽。极端高温直接影响农业劳动者的工作和生活，很容易导致疾病，同时也会造成事故风险，对其他职业人群产生影响。气候变化使极端条件越来越频繁，扩大对不同职业类型的劳动者的保护非常重要。极端高温导致劳动者的生产效率下降，降低经济收益，并通过损害认知能力和增加跌倒等伤害来增加工人受伤的风险。

收入差距的负面影响在极端高温环境下会非常突出，且环境因素会发作用于现有的收入差距。极端高温对能负担空调费用的室内工作者的影响远小于低收入的户外工作群体。户外低薪劳动者受到温度影响，体力会大量消耗，对身体健康产生严重的负面影响。并且，这些劳动者的工作可能会因天气被取消，为了生存，他们必须忍受恶劣的天气继续工作，把健康考虑放在生存之后。在建康受到严重威胁的时候，低薪户外劳动者的医疗保障资源于高收入人群并不等同，他们受到气候变化的影响，却缺少能够保障生存的方法。

对于气候变化导致的劳动者困境，以法律法规保护劳动者权益是比骄直接可靠的办法。法律具有强制性和底线保障，能够最大限度地为劳动者的生存提供保障，帮助减小收入差距。

 

创新关键点

从气候变化导致的极端环境出发，探索环境对劳动者生存和社会经济的影响。

 

The impact of extreme heat on workers

The most obvious and common work risk associated with extreme heat is heat stroke. The moderate combination of surface temperature and air will produce a deadly temperature, exceeding the temperature borne by the human body, and the body function cannot self-regulate and reduce body temperature, which is very easy to cause fatal heat stroke. Droughts caused by extreme heat directly lead to crop failures, increasing farmers' survival pressures and economic risks. Michelle Tigchelaar and Michele Barry and Sam Heft-Neal of Stanford University discussed the impact of extreme heat on workplace risk, genetically linked communities, and economies.

As temperatures rise, workplaces and types of work affected by heat and temperature continue to expand. Farm laborers have been doing manual labor outdoors for a long time, facing the sun, temperature and humidity, and rarely shading. Extreme heat directly affects the work and life of agricultural workers, which can easily lead to disease, but also causes the risk of accidents, which has an impact on other occupational groups. Climate change is making extreme conditions more frequent, and it is important to expand the protection of workers of different occupational types. Extreme heat causes workers to lose productivity, reduce economic returns, and increase the risk of injury by impairing cognitive abilities and increasing injuries such as falls.

The negative impact of income disparities can be very pronounced in extremely hot environments, and environmental factors can be applied to existing income disparities. Extreme heat affects indoor workers who can afford air conditioning much less than low-income outdoor workers. Outdoor low-wage workers are affected by temperature, and their physical strength will be greatly consumed, which will have a serious negative impact on physical health. Moreover, these workers may be cancelled due to the weather, and in order to survive, they must endure the bad weather to continue working, putting health considerations after survival. At a time when Jiankang is under serious threat, the medical security resources of low-wage outdoor workers are not equivalent to those of high-income people, who are affected by climate change but lack the means to ensure their survival.

For the plight of workers caused by climate change, using laws and regulations to protect the rights and interests of workers is a direct and reliable method. The law has mandatory and bottom-line guarantees, which can maximize the survival of workers and help reduce income disparities.