创新背景

2022年3月，南北两极史无前例地同时出现极端高温，3月18日，极端天气记录追踪机构称海拔3.4千米的南极康科迪亚站比同时期历史平均气温高出近40℃，温度达到了-12.2℃而海拔更高的沃斯托克站达到-17.7℃，比历史最高纪录高出约15℃。与此同时，北极附近一些气象站的温度比同期平均水平高出约28℃。但两极极端高温持续时间不长，北极迅速升温两天就回落正常温度，南极也在26日左右回落，且两极大多数地方最高温仍保持在零度以下。科学家们无法直接证明这是进一步全球变暖的结果。

创新过程

两极短期升温现象无法证明是全球变暖的影响，甚至极有可能只是偶然性事件。全球气候方面的专家对此次事件持有不同看法：澳大利亚莫纳什大学地球、大气与环境学院院长安德鲁·麦金托什教授认为冰架上方大气变暖或许是导致这次事件的原因；澳大利亚新南威尔士大学副教授亚历克斯·森·古普塔认为来自澳大利亚的强风造成南极洲温度异常；也有可能是西风带剧烈振荡、阻塞高压异常突入北极圈和南极圈的结果。新颖的是，有科学家认为，两极极同时升温是太阳风暴造成的。当太阳风暴撞击地球磁层时，带来带电高能粒子沿磁力线集中在地球两极，形成极光和能量释放，导致地球两极在3月同时出现异常高温。

太阳风暴是太阳大气中发生的持续时间短暂、规模巨大的能量释放现象，主要通过增强的电磁辐射、高能带电粒子流和等离子体云等三种形式释放。以往研究认为，太阳风暴主要影响的是地球磁层、电离层、中高层大气等，通过对电离层和磁场产生干扰而影响人类活动，并不会对气候造成显著影响，尤其是两极高温的极端现象。

2020年5月，科学家们称地球外部大气层受到太阳风暴影响，温度正在不断升高。外部大气层温度升高对地球的影响不可估量。太阳风暴活动携带众多离子和电子，强大的能量释放侵蚀外部大气层，可能如研究人员猜测，由此引发偶然性极地气温的短暂性升高。进一步研究需要科学家对两极气温观测和研究太阳风暴能量释放影响。

创新关键点

从太阳风暴的角度考虑两极高温出现的原因。

Solar storms may affect extreme heat at the north and south poles

The short-term warming of the poles cannot be proved to be the influence of global warming, and may even be just an accidental event. Experts on global climate have different views on the event: Professor Andrew Mackintosh, Dean of the School of Earth, Atmosphere and Environment at Monash University in Australia, believes that the warming of the atmosphere above the ice shelf may have caused the event; Australia Alex Sen Gupta, an associate professor at the University of New South Wales, believes that strong winds from Australia have caused the temperature anomaly in Antarctica; it may also be the result of violent oscillations in the westerly belt, blocking the high pressure anomaly from protruding into the Arctic and Antarctic circles. What is novel is that some scientists believe that the simultaneous heating of the poles is caused by solar storms. When the solar storm hits the Earth's magnetosphere, it brings charged high-energy particles to the Earth's poles along the magnetic field lines, forming auroras and energy release, resulting in abnormally high temperatures at the Earth's poles at the same time in March.
A solar storm is a short-duration and huge-scale energy release phenomenon in the solar atmosphere, which is mainly released in three forms: enhanced electromagnetic radiation, high-energy charged particle flow and plasma cloud. Previous studies have believed that solar storms mainly affect the earth's magnetosphere, ionosphere, middle and upper atmosphere, etc., and affect human activities by interfering with the ionosphere and magnetic field. Phenomenon.
In May 2020, scientists said Earth's outer atmosphere was being affected by solar storms and the temperature was rising. The effects of a warmer outer atmosphere on Earth are immeasurable. Solar storm activity carries numerous ions and electrons, and the powerful release of energy erodes the outer atmosphere, possibly triggering occasional transient increases in polar temperatures, as the researchers suspect. Further research requires scientists to observe polar temperatures and study the effects of solar storm energy release.