创新背景

医疗防护过程需要大量的抗菌纺织材料，但一般纺织品不仅对细菌没有抑制消杀作用，反而是微生物滋生的良好的媒介。为了提高纺织品在医护领域能发挥作用，科学家们研发出了抗菌材料，通过添加一定的抗菌物质 使材料具有抑制或杀灭表面细菌能力。新冠疫情的影响对于抗菌纺织品的需求大大增加，研发新技术生产抗菌纺织品是医疗防护的关键需求。

创新过程

2022年3月，俄罗斯国立研究型技术大学MISIS研究人员与其他大学合作研究，相关研究成果发表在《材料快报》上，研究开发了一种以低压下使用射频气体放电等离子体对材料改性为基础的新技术。

射频是一种随时间变化的时变电磁波，通电的导体周围形成磁场，交变电流通过导体周围会形成交变的电磁场。新技术在电磁场环境中利用气体受电磁或放射性物质影响产生等离子体，使非织布材料具有抗菌性能，用以制造医疗防护纺织用具，如一次性医用服装、床单、尿布等。

研究首先将非织造布材料放在两个电极之间的封闭系统中，保证系统处于中度真空状态，同时在系统中注入氩气。当电磁场产生时，加速转化阴极到阳极，对材料进行破坏，损坏聚合物的分子键。然后将功能化的材料表面浸入罐中，其中装有浓缩银纳米粒子胶体悬浮液，用抗菌剂浸渍。研究人员伊利亚·拉林表示。

然后用甲烷—氩气混合气体处理具有抗菌性能的材料。甲烷是许多聚合物中的单体，氩气是一种无色无味的惰性气体，两者化学性质比较稳定。混合气体用来作非织造布材料表面的构建块，帮助抗菌剂和材料表面稳定结合。然后将得到的产品在高压灭菌器中灭菌消毒，达到材料的最佳抗菌性能。

增加非织造布材料抗菌性能，将其广泛运用到医护过程，可以帮助遏制病毒细菌在医护环境中的传播。研究人员在未来计划使用射频气体放电等离子体制造复合材料，改善材料物理、机械和操作性能，促进材料科学发展。

创新关键点

创新使用射频气体放电等离子体技术开发新技术，改善非织造布材料性能，增加其抗菌作用。

Chemical synthesis of nonwovens antibacterial textiles

In March 2022, researchers from MISIS, the Russian State Research Technical University, cooperated with other universities, and the relevant research results were published in "Materials Letters". basic new technology.

Radio frequency is a time-varying electromagnetic wave. A magnetic field is formed around an electrified conductor, and an alternating electromagnetic field is formed when an alternating current passes around the conductor. The new technology uses the gas to be affected by electromagnetic or radioactive substances to generate plasma in the electromagnetic field environment, so that the non-woven material has antibacterial properties and is used to manufacture medical protective textile appliances, such as disposable medical clothing, bed sheets, diapers, etc.

The research first placed the nonwoven material in a closed system between two electrodes, and ensured that the system was in a moderate vacuum state, while argon was injected into the system. When the electromagnetic field is generated, it accelerates the conversion of the cathode to the anode, destroying the material and breaking the molecular bonds of the polymer. The functionalized material surface was then dipped into a tank containing a concentrated silver nanoparticle colloidal suspension, impregnated with an antibacterial agent. Researcher Ilya Larin said.

The material with antimicrobial properties was then treated with a methane-argon gas mixture. Methane is a monomer in many polymers, and argon is a colorless, odorless, inert gas with relatively stable chemical properties. The mixed gas is used as a building block on the surface of the nonwoven material to help stabilize the binding of the antimicrobial agent to the surface of the material. The resulting product is then sterilized in an autoclave to achieve the best antimicrobial properties of the material.

Increasing the antibacterial properties of non-woven fabrics and applying them widely in the medical care process can help curb the spread of viruses and bacteria in the medical care environment. In the future, the researchers plan to use radio-frequency gas discharge plasma to fabricate composite materials that will improve the physical, mechanical, and operational properties of materials and advance materials science.