创新背景

复合材料由两种或两种以上的材料组合而成，具有不同材料相互取长补短的良好综合性能，能改善单一材料的性能，如提高强度、增加韧性和改善介电性能等。陶瓷复合材料具有优异的耐高温性能，主要用于航天、军工等部门。

创新过程

2022年4月，俄罗斯科学院西伯利亚分院强度物理学与材料科学研究所科研人员开发出了一种硬度与金刚石相近，比金刚石更耐高温的新陶瓷复合材料，可以为高能系统和高速飞机提供热保护。

陶瓷复合材料化学性质稳定，具有耐腐蚀、耐氧化、耐潮湿等化学性能，极度耐高温，但和陶瓷一样具有脆性。在航空领域，陶瓷复合材料可以用于发动机方面，提高涡轮进气温度，提升发动机效率。也可用作“烧蚀材料”，在宇宙航天器完成任务返回地球时，借材料表面的质量消耗带走大量的热，吸收航天器与空气摩擦产生的大量热量，降低周围温度保护航天器本体。但在发挥做用的过程中，材料自身不可避免地会被损坏。

新材料是一种能自我修复缺陷的陶瓷复合材料。在原本陶瓷中加入新物质，陶瓷表面在高温下会形成玻璃涂层，阻断氧气进入侵蚀，对损坏部位进行修复。仅需10分钟，非氧化物陶瓷的性能就可以完全恢复。研究人员表示，新的陶瓷复合材料将用于7倍音速的高速飞行器，它可以承受高达2700°C的高温。

陶瓷复合材料的自我修复能力在航天领域的广泛应用将推动航天材料的进一步发展，增强航天事业安全保障。此外，机械、化工、电子技术等领域也广泛采用各种陶瓷复合材料。利用纤维的韧性弥补陶瓷复合材料致命的脆性，可以全面提高材料性能，促进各领域材料使用效率和发展。

创新关键点

添加物质让陶瓷复合材料在高温中能阻断氧气，自我修复。

Blocking oxygen allows ceramic composites to be repaired quickly

In April 2022, researchers from the Institute of Strength Physics and Materials Science of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences developed a new ceramic composite material with a hardness similar to that of diamond and higher temperature resistance than diamond, which can provide thermal protection for high-energy systems and high-speed aircraft.

Ceramic composite materials are chemically stable, with chemical properties such as corrosion resistance, oxidation resistance, and moisture resistance. They are extremely resistant to high temperatures, but are as brittle as ceramics. In the aviation field, ceramic composite materials can be used in engines to increase the temperature of turbine intake air and improve engine efficiency. It can also be used as "ablation material". When the spacecraft completes its mission and returns to the earth, it takes away a lot of heat by the mass consumption of the material surface, absorbs a lot of heat generated by the friction between the spacecraft and the air, and reduces the surrounding temperature to protect the spacecraft body. . But in the process of functioning, the material itself will inevitably be damaged.

The new material is a ceramic composite that can repair defects by itself. When new substances are added to the original ceramics, a glass coating will be formed on the surface of the ceramics at high temperature, which will block oxygen from entering and corrode, and repair the damaged parts. In just 10 minutes, the properties of the non-oxide ceramic can be fully recovered. The researchers say the new ceramic composite will be used in high-speed aircraft at seven times the speed of sound, and it can withstand temperatures as high as 2,700°C.

The extensive application of the self-healing ability of ceramic composite materials in the aerospace field will promote the further development of aerospace materials and enhance the security of the aerospace industry. In addition, various ceramic composite materials are widely used in mechanical, chemical, electronic technology and other fields. Using the toughness of fibers to compensate for the fatal brittleness of ceramic composites can comprehensively improve material properties and promote the efficiency and development of materials in various fields.